1. The World Powerlifting Organization (WPO®) recognizes the following lifts, which must be performed in the designated sequence in all applications conducted under WPO® rules:

a. Squat b. Bench c. Deadlift = TOTAL

The lifter will be allowed three attempts of the squat, bench press and deadlift. The highest total of the best successful attempts of each lift will result in a TOTAL. The winner of the competition will be determined by the highest TOTAL in each category.

2. All competitions under WPO® rules must be conducted in kilograms.

3. Any lifter that has competed in any of the following within the past five (5) years AND has successfully accomplished the WPO® qualifying total is eligible to lift in the WPO®:

World Powerlifting Congress

APF Powerlifting Nationals (designated as WPO® Qualifier)

Men's Body Weight Categories & Qualifying Totals

Weight ClassWeight Class Qualifying (kilos) Lbs. Lbs. Totals 60.0 kg. 0 - 132.5 132 1251 67.5 kg. 132.51 - 148.75 148 1423 75.0 kg. 148.76 - 165.5 165 1599 82.5 kg. 165.51 - 181.75 181 1716 90.0 kg. 181.76 - 198.5 198 1801 100.0 kg. 198.51 - 220.5 220 1943 110.0 kg. 220.51 - 242.5 242 2010 125.0 kg. 242.51 - 275.5 275 2076 140.0 kg. 275.51 to 308.5 308 2151 SHW 308.51 - unlimited SHW 2201

Proof of qualifying event and totals must be submitted to the WPO®. Verification may be from meet results showing totals that have been posted or advertised in Powerlifting USA Magazine or written notification of contest and totals from the meet director. It is the lifter's responsibility to make certain that the Secretary of WPO® receives the qualifying information prior to the entry deadline of the upcoming WPO® competition.

Women's body weight categories will be initiated in the near future.

4. The WPO® additionally has created the Super Open. The three Super Open categories are as follows (effective as of the date of the 2002 WPO Semi-Finals):

Super Open Kilos Pounds

Lightweight 0 - 75 132 - 165.5

Middleweight 75.01-100 165.51-220.5

Heavyweight 100.01 - unlimited 220.51-unlimited

The lifter who has the highest total in Lightweight Super Open Class will become the Lightweight Powerlifting Champion of the World. The lifter who has the highest total in the Middleweight Super Open Class will become the Middleweight Powerlifting Champion of the World. The lifter who has the highest total in the Heavyweight Super Open Class will become the Heavyweight Powerlifting Champion of the World.

EQUIPMENT AND SPECIFICATIONS

1. Squat Racks

a. Monolifts of a sturdy construction that provide maximum stability will be used in all WPO® contests.

b. The design of the monolift shall allow adjustments that accommodate all lifters.

c. Height adjustments should be at incremental stages not exceeding 5cm.

d. For extra safety all hydraulic racks should be capable of being secured by means of pins at the required height.

e. In all World Powerlifting Organization's competitions an adjustable rack with a hydraulic mechanism should be used

2. Bench

The bench shall be of sturdy construction for maximum stability and conform to the following dimensions:

a. Length - not less than 1.22M. and shall be flat and level.

b. Width - 29 to 32cm.

c. Height - 42 to 45cm. measured from the floor to the top of the padded surface of the bench without being depressed or compacted.

d. The height of the uprights on adjustable benches should be from a minimum of 82cm. to a maximum of 100cm. measured from the floor to the bar rest position. On non-adjustable benches, the height of the uprights must be between 87cm. and 100cm. from the floor to the bar rest position.

e. The minimum width between the insides of the bar rests shall be 1.10M.

3. Lights

A system of lights shall be provided whereby the referees make known their decisions. Each referee will control a white and a red light, representing a "good lift" or "no lift" respectively. The lights must be wired in such a way that they light up together and not separately when activated by the three referees. It is preferable that the lights be arranged horizontally corresponding with the positions of the three referees. For emergency purposes, i.e., a breakdown in the electrical system, the referees should also be provided with small white and small red flags with which to make known their decisions, or using thumbs up or thumbs down.

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

1. Squat Suit

A lifting suit of basic design illustrated shall be worn. It must be an individual full-length polyester or canvas fabric.

The following are allowed:

A. Polyester single ply (double ply brief*)

B. Polyester double ply (single ply brief*)

C. Canvas single ply (double ply brief*)

D. Canvas double ply (single ply brief*)

* Brief will be made of polyester material and will not exceed the middle of the stomach and will not exceed the bottom of the lifter's squat suit. The brief can be supportive, but is not another suit.

The length of the leg when worn must not extend beyond mid-thigh (medial point between crotch and top of kneecap). Women may wear a one-piece suit of comparable design to the lifting suit - refer to Section 6a. Leotards with sleeves or high cut leg lines are not permitted.

2. Bench Shirt

One double polyester or double denim bench shirt can be worn. It must be an individual article of cloth fabric. Its construction may consist of double plies, but must, as a whole, be a singular component. The thickness(es) shall not be designed to increase, enlarge or enhance the body's natural musculature. Sleeves must be short and remain above the elbow when worn. It may be of any color or colors, but shall not portray indecency or be offensive to the spirit of the competition. Open-back shirts are allowed as long as they do not exceed a double thickness. There is a one patch limit on the bench shirt. The patch must be a repair and shall not exceed 16 square inches.

3. Deadlift Suit

A lifting suit of the basic design illustrated shall be worn. It must be an individual full-length polyester or canvas suit. It must be a single or double layer component. No additional plies will be accepted. The straps must be worn over the shoulders at all times while lifting in competition. It may be of any color or colors. The length of the lifting suit must not extend beyond mid-thigh.

4. Briefs

A pair of briefs of any brand may be worn, provided that the length of the legs are less than those of the lifting suit when worn and that the waist does not extend an inch above the navel. Competitors are limited to one pair of briefs only. Athletic supporters are permitted under the brief.

5. Undershirt or T-shirts

One undershirt (of a consistency with what is commonly called a T-shirt) with or without sleeves may be worn under the lifting suit. The shirt must be of a singular component. The thickness shall not be designed to increase, enlarge or enhance the body's natural musculature. Sleeves must be short and remain above the elbow when worn. It may be of any color or colors, but shall not bear the name or any other Powerlifting Federation, whether tested or non-tested, nor shall it portray indecency or be offensive to the spirit of the competition.

6. Special Considerations

a. Women (if and when initiated in the WPO®) may wear additional protective briefs or panties. Women may also wear a bra, provided it contains no special support. The use of tampons, sanitary napkins or related articles used for feminine hygiene protection is permitted.

b. Plastic or fabric shin guards may be worn, but must not extend to a point higher than the lower border of the patella and not lower than the superior border of the ankle joint.

7. Belt

A competitor may wear a belt. If worn, it shall be on the outside of the lifting suit.

Materials and Construction:

a. The main body shall be made of leather in one or more laminations which may be glued and/or stitched together; or be made of cloth, vinyl or nylon, with no metal.

b. The belt shall not have any additional padding, bracing or supports of any material, either on the surface or concealed within the laminations of the belt.

c. A metal buckle, studs and stitching are the only non-leather components permitted. The buckle shall be attached at one end of the belt, by means of studs and/or stitching. The belt shall not have any inflatable component on or within any of its surfaces.

d. A leather, cloth, vinyl or nylon tongue loop shall be attached close to the buckle by means of studs and/or stitching.

e. The lifter's name, the name of the lifter's nation, state or club may appear on the outside of the belt.

f. A one or two-prong buckle as well as the "lever action" fastening device may be used.

g. The width of the belt is to be a maximum of 10cm.

h. The thickness of the belt is to be a maximum of 13mm. along the main length.

8. Footwear

Footwear more substantial than regular socks must be worn. The only restriction to footwear is that no metal cleats or spikes are permitted.

9. Wraps

The fabric nature shall be elastic weave primarily of polyester, cotton or medical crepe singly or in combination. Wraps of rubber or rubberized substitutes are not permitted. Wraps may be used as follows:

a. Wrist-wraps not exceeding 1M. in length and 8cm. in width may be worn. Alternatively, elasticized wristbands not exceeding 10cm. in width may be worn. A combination of the two is not permitted. If wristbands are of the wrap-around style, they may have a thumb loop and Velcro patch for securing them. A wrist-wrap shall not exceed 10 cm. above and 2cm. below the center of the wrist joint, not exceeding a total of 12cm. in both directions.

b. Knee-wraps not exceeding 2M. in length and 8 cm. in width may be worn. Alternatively elasticized knee supports not exceeding 20cm. in length may be worn. A combination of the two is not permitted. A knee-wrap shall not extend beyond 15cm. above and 15cm. below the center of the knee joint, not to exceed a total of 30cm. in both directions. Knee-wraps shall not touch the socks or lifting suit.

c. Elbow-wraps may be worn only during the squat competition and not during the bench press or deadlift. They may cover the general elbow area and not extend to the wrist or shoulder. They may be supportive sleeves of rubberized material or elastic wrap, but must be of one single unit only, and be 1M. or less in total length.

10. Plasters

a. Two layers of plasters, bandaids or tape may be worn on the thumbs, but nowhere else without official permission of the referees or appointed "WPO® Contest Officials." No plaster, bandaids or tape may be utilized as a strap to help the lifters hold the bar.

b. With the permission and supervision of the referees, the appointed "WPO® Contest Officials", the official doctor or assigned paramedic, the lifter may apply spot plasters, bandages, tape or bandaids to muscle injuries on the body. Similarly, strip plasters, tape or bandaids may be applied to injuries on the inside of the hand, but in no circumstances may these applications extend around the back of the hand.

11. General

a. The use of oil, grease or other lubricants and liquids on the body, costume or personal equipment to aid in the execution of a lift is not permitted. This does not preclude the advanced therapeutic use of liniments or rubs. However, such items must not be in evidence during platform attempts. Only powder may be used. Powder includes chalk, talc, resin and magnesium carbonate. Spray stickum may be used, but only on the lifter, not on the weight equipment.

b. Nothing may be purposely applied to the platform, bench or bars.

c. All articles of lifter's costumes and personal equipment shall be clean and generally neat and presentable. In the discretion of the referee, a lifter will not continue in the competition if this provision is not met.

d. Excessive "psyching up" techniques (i.e., swearing, hitting, etc.) shall be limited, at the discretion of the referee(s). The lifter must avoid physical contact with the bar that would draw blood or other fluid contaminants.

INSPECTION OF COSTUME AND PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

1. At all competitions there will be official inspection of costume and personal equipment before and during lifting. The inspections will be strictly enforced especially during world record attempts.

2. It will be the lifter's responsibility to be present on the platform outfitted in attire which is in accordance with the rules governing costume and personal equipment.

3. Any items mentioned previously under costume and personal equipment may be inspected prior to the competition if the lifter has any doubt as to the legality of that item. Such inspections should be requested during the weigh-in sessions and directed to one of the WPO® referees present, not an appointed weigh-in official. Such inspections may also be made at any time prior to lifting by one of the appointed "WPO® Contest Officials" or WPO® referee. Any conjecture or doubt about the legality of any such items shall be referred to the appointed "WPO® Contest Official".

4. Items of personal attire not covered in the rules governing costumes and personal equipment such as headbands, mouthpieces, ribbons, watches, costume jewelry, eyewear, feminine hygiene articles, hats, bandanas, helmets, robes and costumes are permitted to be worn on the platform as long as the costume does not interfere with the judging of the lift at hand. Any items worn on the platform considered objectionable by virtue of being unclean, torn or tattered, indecent or offensive to the spirit of the competition shall be rejected before the lifter is permitted to proceed.

5. If a lifter performs on the platform wearing or using any items that are illegal or not verifiably approved, the lifter shall lose credit for that lift and may be disqualified from the competition. Any minor oversights or items covered in 5 above noticed before the lifter performs, should be indicated to the lifter and rectified prior to continuing the lift.

6. Any lifter performing on the platform may be inspected before or after a lift if any of the referees doubt the legality of the costume or personal equipment being used.

7. Any lifter successful in a world record attempt must be inspected. Inspection may be solely visual or more thorough when the legality of the lifter's costume and personal equipment is obvious. Thorough inspections shall be performed off the platform, preferably in a private area, either by the three referees or officials delegated by the referees in cases where the lifter is of the opposite sex. In all cases the head referee shall make an announcement to the speaker and records processor that the record has been verified.

Powerlifts and Rules of Performance Squat

1. The lifter shall face the front of the platform, toward the head referee.

2. After removing the bar from the racks while facing the front of the platform, the lifter may move forward or backward to establish the lifting position. The top of the bar should not be more than 3 cm. below the top of the anterior deltoids. The bar shall be held horizontally across the shoulders with the hands and/or fingers gripping the bar, with the feet flat upon the platform with the knees locked.

3. The lifter shall wait in this position for the head referee's signal. The signal will be given as soon as the lifter is set and demonstrates control with the bar properly positioned. The head referee's signal shall consist of a downward movement of the arm and audible command "Squat".

4. Upon receiving the head referee's signal, the lifter must bend the knees and lower the body until the top surface of the legs at the hip joint (B) is lower than the top of the knees (A).

5. The lifter must recover at will without double bouncing to an upright position with the knees locked. The bar may stop, but there must be no downward motion during recovery. As soon as the lifter demonstrates a controlled final position, the head referee will give the signal indicating completion of the lift and to replace the bar.

6. The signal to replace the bar will consist of a backward motion of the arm and the audible command "Rack". The lifter must then make a bona fide attempt to return the bar to the racks.

7. The lifter shall not hold the collars or discs at any time during the performance of the lift. However, the edge of the hands gripping the bar may be in contact with the inner surface of the collar.

8. Not more than five and not less than two loaders/spotters shall be on the platform at any time.

9. The lifter may enlist the help of the spotters in removing the bar from the racks, however once the bar has cleared the racks, the spotters shall not physically assist the lifter with regard to actually moving the bar into the proper set position. The spotters may assist the lifter to maintain control should the lifter stumble or demonstrate any evident instability.

10. The lifter will be allowed only one commencement signal per attempt.

11. In the event of failure in an attempt due to an error by one or more of the spotters, the lifter may, at the head referee's discretion, be given an additional attempt at the same weight.

12. If the lifter has a successful first attempt, he will then progress with his second and third.

Causes for Disqualification of a Squat

1. Failure to observe the head referee's signals at the commencement of completion of a lift.

2. Double bouncing or more than one recovery attempt at the bottom of the lift.

3. Failure to assume an upright position with knees locked at the commencement and completion of the lift.

4. Movement of the feet laterally, backward or forward, that would constitute a step or stumble.

5. Failure to bend the knees and lower body until the surface of the legs at the hip joint is lower than the tops of the knees.

6. Any resetting of the feet after the squat signal.

7. Contact with the bar by the spotters between the referee's signals.

8. Contact of elbows or upper arms with the legs.

9. Failure to make a bona fide attempt to return the bar to the racks.

10. Any intentional dropping or dumping of the bar.

Bench Press

1. The front of the bench must be placed on the platform facing the head referee.

2. The lifter must lie backward with shoulders and buttocks in contact with the flat bench surface. The elected position of the buttocks on the bench surface shall be maintained throughout the attempt. The lifter's shoes or toes must be in solid contact with the platform or floor surface. The position of the head is optional.

3. To achieve firm footing, a lifter of any height may use discs or blocks to build up the surface of the platform. Whichever method is chosen, the shoes must be in solid contact with that surface. If blocks are used, they shall not exceed 45 cm. x 45 cm.

4. Not more than five and not less than two loaders/spotters shall be in attendance. The lifter may enlist the help of one or more of the designated spotters, or may enlist personal spotters for the purpose of removing the bar from the racks. Only designated spotters may remain on the platform during the lift. The lift-off must be to arm length and not down to the chest. A designated spotter, having provided a center lift-off, must immediately clear the area in front of the head referee and move to either side of the bar. If the personal spotter does not immediately leave the platform area and/or in any way distracts or impedes the head referee's responsibilities, the referees may give three red lights and determine that the lift is unacceptable and declare a "no lift".

5. The spacing of the hands shall not exceed 81 cm. measured between the forefingers. The bar shall have circumferential machine markings or tape indicating this maximum grip allowance. If the lifter should use an offset or unequal grip on the bar whereby one hand is placed outside the marking or tape, it is the lifter's responsibility to explain this to the head referee, and allow inspection of the intended grip prior to making an attempt. If this is not done until the lifter is on the platform for an official attempt, any necessary explanation and/or measurements will be done on the lifter's time for that attempt. The reverse or underhand grip is permitted.

6. After receiving the bar at arms length, the lifter shall lower the bar to the chest and await the head referee's signal.

7. The signal shall be an audible command "Press", and given as soon as the bar is motionless on the chest.

8. The lifter will be allowed only one commencement signal per attempt.

9. After the signal to commence the lift has been given, the bar is pressed upward. The bar shall not be allowed to sink into the chest or move downwards prior to the lifter's attempt to press upward. The lifter will press the bar to straight arm's length and hold motionless until the audible command "rack" is given. Bar may move horizontally and may stop during the ascent, but may not move downward toward the chest.

10. Pre-existing conditions that don't allow complete lockout in the bench press are not accepted. Complete lockout is required in the WPO®.

Causes for Disqualification of a Bench Press

1. Failure to observe the referee's signals at the commencement or completion of the lift.

2. Any change in the elected lifting position or the raising of the buttocks or lateral movement of the hands during the lift proper (between the referee's signals), and/or any excessive movement or change of contact of the feet during the lift proper.

3. Bouncing the bar off the chest.

4. Allowing the bar to sink into the chest after receiving the referee's signal.

5. Pronounced uneven extension of the arms during or at the completion of the lift by the judgment of the referees.

6. Any downward motion of the bar during the course of being pressed out.

7. Contact with the bar by the spotters between the referee's signals.

8. Any contact of the lifter's shoes with the bench or its supports.

9. Contact between the bar and the bar rest uprights during the lift to assist the completion of the press.

10. It is the responsibility of the lifter to inform any personally enlisted spotters to leave the platform as soon as the bar is secured at arms length. Such spotters shall not return to the platform upon completion or failure of the attempt. It is especially important for a spotter providing a center lift-off to leave the platform quickly, so as not to impair the head referee's view. Failure of any personal spotters to leave the platform may cause disqualification of the lift.

Deadlift

1. The bar must be laid horizontally in front of the lifter's feet, gripped with an optional grip in both hands and lifted until the lifter is standing erect. The bar may stop but there must be no downward motion of the bar.

2. The lifter shall face the front of the platform

3. On completion of the lift, the knees shall be locked in a straight position and the lifter shall be standing erect.

4. The head referee's signal shall consist of a downward movement of the arm and the audible command "Down". The signal will not be given until the bar is held motionless and the lifter is in an apparent finished position.

5. Any raising of the bar or any deliberate attempt to do so will count as an attempt.

Causes for Disqualification of a Deadlift

1. Any downward motion of the bar before it reaches the final position.

2. Failure to stand erect.

3. Failure to lock the knees straight at the completion of the lift.

4. Supporting the bar on the thighs during the performance of the lift. "Supporting" is defined as a body position adopted by the lifter that could not be maintained without the counterbalance of the weight being lifted.

5. Movement of the feet laterally, backward or forward that would constitute a step or stumble

6. Lowering the bar before receiving the head referee's signal.

7. Allowing the bar to return to the platform without maintaining control with both hands.

Weighing-In

1. Weighing-in for the competition shall be initiated 48 hours prior to the commencement of the competition for each particular category. The weigh-in session shall run throughout the entire allotted 48 hours prior to the contest. A minimum duration of one and a half hours will be given on contest day to weigh-in prior to the commencement of the contest. If a lifter is unable to make weight for their weight class, they will be given the option to move to the next higher weight class. Additional interim weigh-in sessions may be provided at the discretion and agreement of the Competition Organization Committee and the appointed WPO® Contest Officials. All weigh-in sessions and their duration must be posted and communicated to all lifters and coaches.

2. All lifters in the category must weigh-in during one of the mandatory or additional (if provided) weigh-in sessions, and shall be conducted in the presence or authority of at least one WPO® referee.

3. The weigh-in must take place in a private area, where only the competitor, the competitor's coach, coach appointee or manager, and the referee(s) or appointed official are present. The lifter's recorded body weight must not be made public until all lifters competing in that particular category have been weighed.

4. Lifters must be weighed nude or in standard underwear (briefs for men, bra and panties for women). The weigh-in procedure must ensure that lifters are weighed only in the presence of their own sex. Additional officials may be appointed for this purpose.

5. During the weigh-in session, lifters uncertain about items of costume or personal equipment that may be used should have items inspected and verified by the WPO® referee(s).

6. Lots will be drawn to establish the order of the initial weigh-in. The lots drawn also establish the order of lifting throughout the competition when lifters require the same weights for their attempts.

7. Each lifter may be weighed once. Only those whose body weight is heavier or lighter than the category limits of the category entered are allowed to return to the scales. They must return to the scales and make weight during one of the official weigh-in sessions, otherwise they will be eliminated from the competition for that body weight category. Lifters being weighed in for the first time take precedence over lifters being re-weighed within the allowances of the time and the posted weigh-in schedule.

8. A lifter who weighs too heavy for his weight class may move into the next higher weight class. The lifter must again be weighed during the weigh-in sessions scheduled for the new category. All qualifying standards must be met. Proof of qualification resides with the lifter.

9. A lifter who weighs lighter than the lower limit of the category may drop into the next lower weight class, provided that class has not begun competing. All qualifying standards must be met. Proof of qualification is the responsibility of the lifter.

10. Official body weights shall be recorded to the nearest tenth of a kilogram.

11. Any lifter that has not weighed in and had his or her opening attempts recorded at the last weigh-in session that ends thirty minutes prior to the commencement of his or her session, round or flight may not compete in that session, round or flight. In the case where there is one session in the competition, that competitor shall not be allowed to participate in the competition. In cases where inclement weather and/or hazardous conditions exist in the area of the venue, extension of weigh-in time shall be determined upon the discretion of the technical officer or appointed WPO® contest official.

12. If two lifters register the same body weight at the weigh-in and eventually achieve the same total at the end of the competition, they will be re-weighed and the lighter person will take precedence over the heavier person. However, if they still weigh the same after reweighing, they will then share the placing and will each receive any award being presented. In such circumstances where two lifters are in first place, the lifter with the next highest total shall place third and so forth.

13. Lifter should, if required, check squat and bench press rack heights and foot block requirements during those periods prior to the commencement of the competition.

Additionally, first attempt weights will be required of the lifters at the time of weigh-in.

Rules of Competition

1. The Round System

a. At the weigh-in, lifters must declare their opening attempt for all three lifts. Lifters may change their lift weights prior to their name being called. See Section i.

b. Ten or fewer lifters in a session must lift in one Flight. Ten to 15 lifters in a session may be divided into two flights, though one Flight is preferable. Over 15 lifters must be split into appropriate Flights. Decisions concerning such divisions shall be made by the appointed "WPO® Contest Officials" in conjunction with the competition Organizing Committee. When possible, lifters in the same body weight category should all compete in the same Flight. Flights should be classified "A", "B", "C", etc. Flight "A" will normally consist of lifters in one body weight category; Flight "B" will consist of the next higher body weight category, and so on. Should the number of lifters in any particular category necessitate that category being split into more than one Flight, then the first Flight should consist of lifters with lower totals than the second Flight and so on, based on previous best total results. Where there are multiple Flights, Flight "A" will complete all three rounds of the Squat (all three attempts), then Flight "B" will complete all three rounds of the Squat, and so on, repeating the same process for the Bench Press and Deadlift competitions. Flights will be arranged according to opening attempts and "Super Open Classes".

c. The bar must be loaded progressively during a round on the principle of a raising bar. At no time will the bar be reduced within a round except for errors as described herein, and then only at the end of the round.

d. Lifting order in each round will be determined by the lifter's choice of weight per attempt. On the occasion of two lifters choosing the same weight, the lifter with the lowest lot number drawn prior to weigh-in will lift first.

e. A lifter will not be allowed to call for a weight lower than that attempted in the previous round.

f. If unsuccessful with an opening attempt the lifter will wait until the end of the round before attempting that weight again. This attempt will be considered the lifters 2nd attempt, and if successful, the lifter will be placed appropriately in the 3rd round. Lifters have two (2) chances to make their opening attempt. If unsuccessful, the lifter is then disqualified. Unsuccessful first and second attempts in any lift will automatically eliminate the lifter from the competition.

g. All attempts taken over due to a scorekeeper's error, loader's error or spotter's error, or for any other reason except failure for the lifter to be announced, will occur at the end of the round in which the error occurred, regardless of the progressive advancement of the bar. If such an error occurs to the last lifter in the round, the error will be corrected immediately and the lifter will be given the opportunity to take the attempt over within four minutes of the bar being loaded. Also, if such an error occurs to the first lifter in a round and the attempt is repeated at the end of the round with the lifter again being the first lifter in the next round, then four minutes will be allowed between the repeated attempt at the end of the round and the next attempt by the same lifter at the beginning of the following round. These are two of the rare occasions when lifters will follow themselves.

h. A lifter is permitted to change his opening attempt after it is given. If a lifter has to change his opener he has up to 5 minutes before the start of their round. The MC will announce the opportunity for attempt changes roughly 5-6 lifters out from the beginning of a new flight. If a lifter does not change his attempt before the start of his round, the attempt cannot be changed. There will be no exceptions to this rule! If a lifter misses his opening attempt, he is allowed to increase the amount of his second attempt. If the lifter misses both his first and second attempts, he is disqualified from the event.

i. Lifters must submit their second or third attempts within one minute of completing the preceding attempt. If no weight is submitted within the one-minute time allowance, the lifter will forfeit the next round attempt.

j. Weights submitted for second and third attempts on the Squat and Bench Press may not be changed.

k. In the Deadlift, a change of weight is permitted. On third attempts, the lifter shall be allowed two changes in weight if he or she has been called to lift but the bar has not been called as "ready" or "loaded". The lifter may not change an attempt if he or she has been called to lift and the bar has been called as "ready" or "loaded". l. m.

In single lift meets, an opening attempt may be changed up to five minutes prior to the start of that lifter's flight. Third attempts may be changed as many times as the lifter desires as long as his or her name has not been called to lift. To avoid any doubt or confusion with regard to submitting attempts, the following procedure is suggested: The chosen weight for attempts are to be given in writing in the form of attempt cards to the marshal/expediter. n. If a lifting session consists of a single Flight, at least a 20 - 30 minute interval will be taken between lifts in order to ensure adequate warm-up time. o. When there is more than one Flight in a session, the lifting will be organized on an alternating Flight basis. Consequently, a time interval between Flights is not required other than the time necessary for arranging the platform. Lifters not in the first Flight will be able to warm-up while the first flight is being conducted

2. The competition Organizing Committee will appoint the following officials

a. Speaker-Announcer

b. Timekeeper (preferably a WPO® referee)

c. Marshal/Expediters

d. Scorekeepers

e. Records Processor

f. Loaders/Spotters

Additional officials may be appointed as required, i.e., doctors, paramedics, etc. Responsibilities of these officials are:

a. The speaker is responsible for the efficient running of the competition and acts as Master of Ceremonies. The speaker arranges the attempts chosen by the lifters in an orderly fashion, dictated by weight and, if necessary, lot number and announces the weight required for the next attempt along with the name of the lifter. Additionally, the speaker announces, in order, the three lifters succeeding the lifter on "deck". When the bar is loaded and the platform cleared for lifting, the head referee will indicate the fact to the speaker, who will in turn announce that the bar is ready and call the lifter to the platform. Attempts announced by the speaker should ideally be displayed upon some type of scoreboard erected in a prominent position. The speaker is also responsible for announcing the deadlines that pertain to the "Round System" - the approach of the time limit for changing first attempts, 5 minutes before the commencement of a first Flight, 5 attempts before the commencement of a following Flight.

b. The timekeeper is responsible for accurately recording the time lapse between the announcement that the bar is ready and the referee's signal for the commencement of the attempt by the lifter. The WPO® timekeeper will make certain that the 2 minute rule is enforced on the squat, and the 1 minute rule on the bench and deadlift. A digital clock that will be visible by the lifter and audience will be present in order to keep accurate time. The timekeeper is also responsible for recording other time allowances whenever required, i.e., after an attempt the lifter shall leave the platform within 30 seconds (Refer to Item 8.l this section). Once the clock is running for an attempt, it can only be stopped by the completion of the time allowance, the start of the lift or at the discretion of the head referee who shall inform the timekeeper immediately. Consequently, it is of great importance that the lifter or lifter's coach check the height of the squat racks and any bench pressing requirements if details have not previously been called, prior to being called as the clock will be started once the bar is announced as being ready. Any further adjustment to the equipment must be made within the lifter's one-minute allowance. The definition of the start of an attempt depends upon particular left being performed. In the Squat and Bench Press, the start coincides with the referee's commencement signal. In the Deadlift, the start is when the lifter makes a determined attempt to raise the bar. It is the timekeeper's duty to stop the clock at these defined starts so that any buzzer that may be connected to the timing device will not distract the lifter.

c. Marshals/Expediters are responsible for collecting the weight required for next attempts from the lifters or their coaches and passing the information without delay to the scorekeeper's table and speaker preferably in the form of the suggested colored attempt cards. The lifter is allowed one minute between completion of one attempt and submitting to the marshal/expediter the weight required for the next attempt. The timing of this operation is the responsibility of the marshal/expediter, under the auspices of the head referee.

d. Scorekeepers are responsible for accurately recording the progress of the competition and upon completion of the meet, shall ensure that the three referees sign the official score sheets.

e. The records processor is specifically accountable for all world records broken, for collecting the details and initiating the paperwork information.

f. Loaders/Spotters are responsible for loading and unloading the bar, adjusting squat or bench rack requirements as necessary, cleaning the bar or platform upon request and agreement of the head referee, and generally ensuring that the platform is well maintained and of a neat and tidy appearance at all times.

When the lifter prepares for an attempt, the loaders/spotters may assist in removing the bar from the racks. They may also assist in setting up for a squat should the lifter stumble or lack good control and may further assist in replacing the bar after the attempt. However, they shall not touch the lifter or the bar during the actual attempt, i.e., during the period of time between commencement and completion signals from the head referee. The important exception to this rule for the spotters is if the lifter has obviously failed with the attempt; is in jeopardy of injury; or the head referee or lifter has requested intervention; then the spotters should assume control of the bar and weights and assist the lifter in replacing the bar back into the racks.

3. The Vice-President of the WPO® will oversee all competitions and rule on any contentions that may arise.

4. During a competition taking place on a platform or stage, only the lifter, the lifter's coach, the three referees on duty, other meet officials recognized by need, and the loaders/spotters are permitted to be present on the platform. Coaches shall remain back from the platform. The appointed "WPO® Contest Officials" will define the coaching area. Personal, non-designated spotters are not permitted on the platform for the Squat or Deadlift. Personal, non-designated spotters are permitted to lift-off on the Bench Press; however, once the bar has been correctly positioned at the lifter's arms' length, any personal spotter must quickly leave the platform area to a discrete position.

5. Lifters shall wrap and ready themselves for lifting off the platform. Only minor adjustments requiring no assistance may be made on the platform. Likewise, removing wraps, belts and costume shall be performed off the platform. Items such as chalk, inhalants, talc, etc., should be utilized with propriety on and around the platform area.

6. In competitions under WPO® jurisdiction, including any competitions where world records are set, the weights used must be in kilograms, and the barbell must always be a multiple of 2.5 kg. The weights shall be announced in kilograms and may additionally be announced in pounds.

Exceptions to this rule:

a. For a world record attempt made outside the competition (4th attempt) the weight of the barbell must be at least 500 grams in excess of the current record. Such record attempts will be made at the end of the third round of the lifting flight.

b. In a world record attempt made within the prescribed attempts of the competition. A lifter may request on any attempt, a weight that exceeds the current record by at least 500grams. If the lift is successful, only the lower closest multiple of 2.5kg. will be recorded on the score sheet and the exact weight will be recorded on the record application.

7. In all competitions, the weight of the barbell shall consist of the heaviest discs available that make up a particular weight.

8. The head referee shall communicate all decisions taken in cases of loading errors, incorrect announcements, spotter errors or other platform altercations of the speaker to make the appropriate announcement. Such decisions shall be first discussed with the other platform referees.

Examples of Errors in Loading:

a. If the bar is loaded to a lighter weight than originally requested and the attempt is successful, the lifter may accept the successful attempt at the weight lifted, or may elect to take the attempt again at the originally requested weight. If the attempt is not successful, the lifter will be granted a further attempt at the originally requested weight.

b. If the bar is loaded to a heavier weight than originally requested and the attempt is successful, the lifter will be granted the attempt at the weight lifted. The weight will be subsequently reduced if required for other lifters. If the attempt is not successful, the lifter will be granted a further attempt at the originally requested weight.

c. If the weight is not the same on each side of the bar and the lift is successful, rules for over-loaded and under-loaded bars, as above, apply. However, if the attempt is credited to the lifter, and the weight of the bar lifted is not a multiple of 2.5kg. (I.e., 1.25kg plate was on one side only) the weight will be recorded at the lower multiple of 2.5kg. If the lift was unsuccessful the lifter will be granted a further attempt at the weight originally requested.

d. If any change occurs with the bar and discs during the execution of the lift and the lift is successful, provided no weight fell off the bar, the attempt will be accepted. If the attempt is unsuccessful or weights fell off, the lifter will be granted a further attempt at the same weight.

e. Should the platform or equipment become disarranged during an attempt and the attempt is successful the attempt will be accepted. If the attempt is unsuccessful the lifter may be granted a further attempt at the same weight, at the discretion of the referees on duty.

f. If the speaker makes a mistake by announcing a weight heavier or lighter than that requested by the lifter, the referees will make the same decisions as for loading errors.

g. All attempts that are repeated for the above reasons will be at the end of the round in which the error occurred.

h. If a lifter misses an attempt because the speaker failed to announce the lifter's name at the appropriate time or weight, the weight will then be reduced to allow the attempt within the round. Should this discovery disrupt the anticipation of any preparing lifter, such lifters may be granted extra time in which to prepare again, which shall be at the discretion of the referees on duty.

i. The minimum increase between any attempts shall be 2.5kg. Except for men. From 1st attempt to 2nd attempt a 5kg. increase must be taken or 2nd attempt will be forfeited and will be called the 3rd attempt.

j. Unsuccessful first and second attempts in any lift will automatically eliminate the lifter from the competition.

k. Other than initial removal of the bar from the racks, the lifter should not receive any additional help from the spotters in establishing position for an attempt. However, should a lifter stumble or become unstable in setting up for the Squat, the spotters should assist in steadying the lifter until control has been regained.

l. On the completion of an attempt, the lifter shall leave the platform within thirty seconds. Failure to comply with this rule may result in disqualification of the attempt at the discretion of the referees.

m. Any physical abnormality, handicap or incapacity of a lifter that may cause, or potentially cause, an inability to fully comply with the rules should be brought to the attention of and explained to the appointed "WPO® Contest Officials". This should be in advance of the start of the lifter's Flight. The lifter, "WPO® Contest Officials" and the platform referees for the particular lifter will then confer on the matter to best accommodate any special consideration for the lifter. Physical abnormalities or handicaps will not be granted exceptions when it comes to locking out the weight in any of the three disciplines.

n. If any lifter or coach is considered to have discredited the sport by reason of misconduct upon or near the competition platform, then such person or persons shall officially be warned. If the misconduct continues, the appointed "WPO® Contest Officials", together with the referees on duty, have the authority to disqualify the lifter and order the coach and the lifter to leave the venue. The team manager must be officially informed of both the warning and the disqualification.

o. All appeals against the referee's decisions or conduct; complaints regarding the progress of the competition or against the behavior of any person or persons taking part in the competition will be made to the appointed "WPO® Contest Official" (WPO® Vice-President). This must be done immediately following action of which there is a complaint or appeal. The appeal must be backed by the team manager and/or coach and presented in the presence of either or both. The appointed "WPO® Contest Official" (WPO® Vice-President) will consider all such complaints. If deemed necessary, the appointed "WPO® Contest Official" (WPO® Vice-President) may temporarily suspend the progress of the competition to consider the situation fully. After due consideration the complainant will be informed of any decision and any appropriate measure that may be taken. The verdict of the appointed "WPO® Contest Official" (WPO® Vice-President) will be considered final and there will be no right of appeal to any other body.

Referees

1. The referees shall be three in number: the head referee and two side referees.

2. The head referee is responsible for giving the necessary signals for all three lifts, for indicating to the speaker and timekeeper when the bar is ready, for communicating to the speaker the verification of world records, and any special decision upon performance decided by the referees. The head referee may judge depth on the squat only if it is blatantly obvious.

3. Signals required for the three lifts are as follows:

Squat

a. Commencement: A visual signal consisting of a downward movement of the arm, together with the command "Squat".

b. Completion: A visual signal of a backward movement of the arm together with the audible signal "Rack".

Bench

a. Commencement: An audible command of "Press when the bar has been motionless on the lifter's chest.

b. Completion: An audible command of "Rack" when the bar has been pressed to straight arm's length.

Deadlift

a. Commencement: No signal required

b. Completion: A visual signal consisting of a downward movement of the arm together with the audible command "Down"

4. Once the bar has been replaced on the racks or on the platform at the completion of the lift, the referees will announce their decisions by means of the lifts. White signals a "good lift" and red signals "no lift".

5. The three referees may seat themselves in what they consider to be the best viewing positions around the platform and should remain seated during the execution of the lift. The head referee must bear in mind the need to be easily visible to the lifter performing the Squat and Deadlift and be positioned accordingly. To avoid any distractions to the lifter, the head referee should remain motionless between signals. The side referees should not impose upon the spotters' duties but should make adjustments to their own seating positions and may lean sideways or forward during a lift to obtain the best viewing vantage. Side referees during the squat must be positioned exactly to the side or front of the squatter and not to the rear. Spotters for the squat must provide a "window" for the side referee to view the squat. Obstructions to viewing must be corrected before the lift begins.

6. Before the competition, the appointed "WPO® Contest Officials", referees or additionally appointed officials shall have ascertained that:

a. the platform and competition equipment comply in all respects with the rules. Bars and discs are checked for weight discrepancies and defective equipment discarded.

b. scales work correctly and are accurate.

c. the lifters weigh-in within the limits of the body weight categories and within the time frame of the posted weigh-in sessions.

d. any lifter's costume or personal equipment, if requested, is inspected and approved or rejected.

e. that speaker/announcer, timekeeper and loaders/spotters understand their duties and the rules that may pertain to them.

7. During the competition, the three referees on duty must jointly ascertain that:

a. the weight of the loaded bar agrees with the weight announced by the speaker. Referees may be issued loading charts for this purpose.

b. lifts are credited as "good lift" or "no lift" and all other aspects of the competition run in accordance with the rules of performance.

c. on the platform, the lifter's costume and personal equipment visually meet acceptable standards and are within the rules.

8. If during the execution of a lift, a referee observes a fault sufficient to give cause for disqualification of the lift, the procedure is as follows:

a. The referees may stop the lift for discretionary safety. The head referee shall signal the lifter with a downward motion of the arm and the audible command of "Down" for the Deadlift, and shall instruct the spotters to take the bar on the Squat and Bench Press only if safe and appropriate to do so.

b. No two family members or relatives may referee on the same platform at one time.

9. Prior to the commencement of the Squat or Bench Press, if any of the referees do not accept any aspect of the set-up of the lifter, they will call attention to the fault as previously described in 8.a. If there is a majority opinion among the referees that a fault exists, the head referee will not give the signal to commence the lift and will inform the lifter to "Rack" the bar. A head referee seeing a fault that may not be visible to the side referees, e.g. hand holding the collars or discs on the Squat or a grip in excess of 81cm. on the Bench Press, may act alone in informing the lifter to "Rack" the bar. If requested, it is required of the head referee to quickly confirm the nature of the fault and explain this to the lifter or coach. The lifter has the remainder of any unexpired time allowance to repeat the attempt with the fault corrected and receive the commencement signal.

Note: For the above reasons, it is important that the timekeeper stop timing attempts on the Squat and Bench Press only when the lifter has received the commencement signal.

Aspects of the set-up for the Squat regarded as faults are as follows:

a. Holding the collars or discs

b. Failure to assume an upright position

c. Failure to have knees locked

d. Top the bar more than 3cm. below the top of the anterior deltoids

The aspect of the set-up for the Bench Press that should be regarded as a fault is as follows:

a. Hand spacing exceeding 81cm. in total dimension.

Aspects of the set-up for the Bench Press that, if maintained beyond the referee's signal will be regarded as faults are as follows:

a. The lifter's shoes not in contact with the platform or the surface of any discs/blocks that may have been requested.

b. Contact of the lifter's shoes with the bench or its supports.

c. Buttocks not in contact with the flat surface of the bench.

Any of these potential faults should be drawn to the attention of the lifter by any of the referees observing them.

10. Prior to the commencement of a lift, if either of the side referees observes an obvious infraction of the rules regarding costume or personal equipment they will call attention of the fault to the head referee. The head referee observing an infraction may act alone. In either case, the referees will be called together to inspect the lifter. If the fault is considered a purposeful intention to cheat, the lifter will be disqualified from the competition. If the fault is considered an oversight or genuine mistake, the lifter shall correct the fault before being permitted to proceed with the attempt. The way the fault is considered and the action taken will be at the discretion of the referees on duty.

Faults that should be considered as a purposeful intention to cheat are:

a. The use of more than one lifting suit or an illegal lifting suit or more than one set of squat briefs or illegal briefs or multiple bench shirts.

b. The use of more than one supportive undershirt or illegal undershirt.

c. The use of more than one pair of wraps or wraps substantially over regulation length.

d. Any additions in excess of the prescribed costume and personal equipment rules, e.g., body wraps, towel inserts, bracings, etc.

e. Presence of oil, grease, liquids or lubricants other than powder on the thighs for the Deadlift.

f. Other similar infractions.

Faults that should be considered as oversights or genuine mistakes are:

a. socks overlaid by or touching knee wraps.

b. wraps applied as to obviously exceed the width dimension allowed for the wrist (12cm.) or knee (30cm.)

c. wraps slightly in excess of the prescribed regulation.

d. Items forgotten to be removed that may have been worn for warm-ups or to maintain warmth, e.g. rubber elbow bands, etc.

e. other similar infractions

11. If any of the referees suspects without certainty any infraction of the rules regarding costume and personal equipment, they will not act until after the lift has been performed. The lifter should then be inspected. For a fault deemed an oversight or genuine mistake, the lifter's attention should be drawn to the fact and warned about repeating the infraction in any subsequent attempts. The attempt may be disqualified at the referee's discretion. Should the same infraction be repeated after a warning, the attempt shall be disqualified. For infractions deemed as a purposeful intention to cheat, the lifter shall be disqualified from the competition.

12. Referees shall, if requested, explain to a lifter or coach the reason or reasons why a lift was judged "no lift". All that is required of such an explanation is an accurate statement. Debates will not be entered into, and an explanation will not cause distraction of the referee from the attempt of the next lifter. Referees shall refrain from any further commentary and shall not receive any document or verbal accounts concerning the progress of the competition.

13. A referee shall not attempt to influence the decisions of other referees. Once any lift has begun, each referee will withhold his individual judgment until the completion of the lift, indicating such with a red or white light. Under no condition should referee raise his hand after the lift has commenced unless to insure the safety of the lifter.

14. The head referee may consult with the side referees, the appointed "WPO® Contest Official" (WPO® Vice-President), or other official necessary in order to expedite or facilitate the running of the competition.

15. After the competition, the three referees shall sign the official score sheets, record applications and any other documents requiring their signatures.

16. The selection of referees for World Championships and International competitions shall be made by the appointed "WPO® Contest Officials".

17. The selection of a referee to act as head or side referee in one session does not preclude the selection of the same referee from being head or side referee in another session.

18. All referees in World Championships and international competitions will be uniformly dressed to include the following:

Men: (Winter) Dark blue blazer or cardigan with WPO® referee badge on the left breast pocket and trousers with a white shirt and tie

Men: (Summer) White shirt and trousers, ties optional

Women: (Winter) Dark blue blazer or cardigan with WPO® Referee badge on the left breast pocket and skirt or trousers with a white blouse or top

Women: (Summer) Dress skirt or trousers and a white blouse or top

The appointed "WPO® Contest Officials" shall determine whether winter or summer dress will be worn.

19. WPO® Referees may have their refereeing status revoked upon consideration of their performance and abilities by the officers of the WPO®.

"WPO® Contest Officials"

1. At world championship and international competitions, "WPO® Contest Officials" will be appointed to preside over all aspects of the competition. They shall insure that the technical rules are correctly applied, considered and rule upon any appeals and generally oversee the competition and refereeing. Five such "WPO® Contest Officials" shall be appointed for World Championships. A reserve member will also be appointed to act in the case of one's absence.

2. The President of the WPO® will appoint "WPO® Contest Officials" prior to the competition..

3. All "WPO® Contest Officials" must be WPO Referees.

4. During the competition the "WPO® Contest Officials" may, by majority opinion, replace any referee whose decisions, in their opinion, prove the referee to be incompetent. The referee concerned will have received a warning prior to any action of dismissal.

5. If a serious mistake occurs in the refereeing, which is contrary to the technical rules, the "WPO® Contest Officials" may take appropriate action to correct the mistake. They cannot overrule or change the decisions of the referees, but may, at their discretion, grant the lifter an additional attempt.

6. The "WPO® Contest Officials" shall be present at all lifting sessions.

World Records

1. At any competition world records will be accepted provided that:

a. The competition must be conducted under WPO® rules or a national variation of the rules accepted by the WPO®.

b. The world record applicant must be a current member of the national federation affiliated with the WPO® or a current WPO® affiliate member from a country not organized with a National Federation affiliated with the WPO®.

c. At least two current WPO® referees must adjudicate the lift and vouch that all conditions at the competition meet the technical standards and procedures required. The third referee must be at least a current national referee of a national federation affiliated with the WPO®.

d. The barbell and discs were weighed before the competition, all actual weights accurately recorded and able to be verified by the referees or appointed "WPO® Contest Officials", or shall be weighed immediately by the referees after the successful attempt.

e. The lifter weighed in correctly before the competition.

f. The scales were certified accurate by a recognized authority within the last 6 months, and a scale test slip prepared by the Municipal Sealer of Weights and Measure (or equivalent), or by an authorized scale company, if available.

g. The lifter's costume and personal equipment was in accordance with the rules.

2. Duplicate copies of fully completed world record applications, signed by the three referees, must be sent separately to the World Records Register and head of the WPO® Technical Committee (as indicated on the record application form) within one calendar month of the date of the record being sent. A copy of the official score sheet must also accompany both record applications.

3. If, in any competition recognized by the WPO®, a lifter is successful with an attempt that falls within 20 kg. of a current world record, the lifter may request a fourth attempt that exceeds the world record. Any fourth attempt that is successful counts toward the lifter's total. Additional attempts will not be permitted.

4. Only lifters actually competing in a competition may attempt world records.

5. Under no circumstances may lifters not taking part in the full competition be permitted to attempt world records on individual lifts.

6. In the event of two lifters at the same competition breaking either a current individual or total record with the same weight, the lighter lifter will be declared the new record holder. If both lifters weighed in at the same body weight, they will be re-weighed. If they re-weigh the same, both will be record holders.

7. New individual lift records are only valid if they exceed the previous record by at least 500 grams. Fractions of 500grams must be ignored, e.g., 87.7kg. would be registered at 87.5kg.

8. Records are only valid for the body weight category of the lifter as determined at the official weigh-in.

9. There is an official world record for the total of three lifts. It will be recognized subject to the following additional stipulations:

a. A total record can only be valid if the bar and discussed in the competition have been weighed and verified within specifications before the completion.

b. The record will only be the summation of the face value of the individual best lifts, and therefore must be a multiple of 2.5kg.

10. Lifters must total a minimum of their class qualifying total to register an individual World Record.

11. Records set in competitions which contest one lift only shall not be considered as WPO® World Records but shall be noted and established as official one lift records, e.g., a World Bench Press Record for the World Bench Press Organization and a World Deadlift Record for the World Deadlift Organization.

12. If a lifter attempting a fourth attempt world record is one of the last four lifters of the flight in the third attempts, they will receive up to 3 additional minutes rest prior to their fourth attempt. The very last lifter of the Flight requesting a fourth attempt will have 3 minutes because they are following themselves, plus the additional 3 minutes.